汉语国际教育:“事业”与“学科”双重属性的反思
提 要 新时期,具有“事业”与“学科”双重属性的汉语国际教育,迎来新的发展和机遇期,但也是一次新的挑战和适应期。需要客观理性、审慎分析环境和政策变化带来的生存与竞争压力,从历史、发展与进步的视角,辩证反思双重属性带来的资源、问题和挑战,以及今后的发展路径。通過建构驱动模型,研究分析得到初步结论:双重属性带来的优势十分明显。但长期以来事业、学科、专业等发展指标权重不均衡不充分,造成事业(行业)发展的繁荣景象,掩盖了学科意识的薄弱、学科属性的模糊、学科建设的缺位,以至于影响到人才培养的需求和预期,影响到事业发展的基础与需要。从时代与观念意识等5个方面提出观点和看法:坚持实事求是基本原则,科学分析理性研判“走过的路”;秉承解放思想精神,深刻理解国家意志与战略的重要性;尊重学科建设规律,彰显学者与高等院校的学术贡献;强化教育事业功能,推动汉语国际教育学科建设进程;突出人才培养目标,推进顶层设计实现结构性改革调整。
关键词 汉语国际教育;双重属性;事业;学科;专业;反思
中图分类号 H002 文献标识码 A 文章编号 2096-1014(2018)06-0006-11
DOI 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20180601
Abstract The new era is a period in history which is fraught with opportunities for the development of and poses great challenge to International Chinese Education both as a profession and an academic discipline, for which adaptations should be made accordingly. The pressures brought about by the changes in the environment and policies on its survival spur an objective, rational and discreet analysis, which is of paramount importance for us to rethink about the resources, problems and challenges related to the dual qualities of International Chinese Education both as a profession and an academic discipline, and this reflection should be conducted from the perspectives of history, development and progress. In this study, a driving model is advanced to deal with what is described above. The initial implication we draw upon from the model shows that the advantage resulting from the dual qualities is obvious, and great progress has been made in this area. However, due to overemphasis placed on the profession, the academic discipline of International Chinese Education has only shown a superficial prosperity, resulting in some problems such as weak awareness, blurring nature, and inaccurate discipline positioning. Therefore, this study proposes the following suggestions: firstly, proceeding from the real situation, we should judge the achievements and mistakes in a scientific and systematic way; secondly, we should have an open mind and try to gain a deeper understanding of the state will and its strategies; thirdly, in accordance with the law governing the development of an academic discipline, we should value the contribution of scholars and institutions of higher education; fourthly, we should try to promote the progress of International Chinese Education by strengthening its educational function; finally, with the aim of professional training in mind, we should try to promote the reform of the organizational structure through a top-down implementation.