植被生态需水理论及计算研究进展

　　摘要 生態需水研究是近年来国内外广泛关注的热点，涉及生态学、水文学、环境科学等多个学科。植被生态需水研究对于指导区域植被生态恢复与生态建设具有重要意义，是生态需水的重要研究内容。本文系统回顾了国内外植被生态需水的研究进展，较为全面地介绍了植被生态需水的概念和内涵，总结并介绍了植被生态需水的各种计算方法。对各类植被生态需水计算方法的基本思想、优缺点、差异及其适用范围做了重点介绍，并分析了国内外植被生态需水的研究进展及发展趋势。通过对过去植被生态需水研究的总结与分析认为，国外研究的侧重点为土壤、大气和植被之间的生态水文过程以及维系自然生态系统平衡，我国研究的侧重点为水资源供需矛盾突出以及生态环境相对脆弱和问题严重的干旱、半干旱和季节性干旱的湿润区，但由于起步晚，在这方面的研究尚不成熟，同时，植被生态需水的计算没有一个具体的标准和完整的理论体系。
　　关键词 植被；生态需水；计算方法；发展趋势
　　中图分类号 X171.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2018）02-0179-04
　　Research Progress on Theory and Calculation of Vegetation Ecological Water Requirement
　　WEI Hua
　　（Land and Water Resources Research Center of the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River， School of Resources Environment Science and Engineering，Hubei University of Science and Technology，Xianning Hubei 437100）
　　Abstract The study on ecological water requirement is a hot topic concerned at home and abroad in recent years，involving multiple subjects such as ecology，hydrology，environmental science. Research of vegetation ecological water requirement is one of the important research contents of ecological water requirement，which is also of great significance to guide regional vegetation ecological restoration and construction. This paper systematically reviewed the research progress of vegetation ecological water requirement at home and abroad，comprehensively introduced the concept and connotation of vegetation ecological water requirement，summarized and introduced the various calculation methods of vegetation ecological water requirement，highlighted the basic idea，advantages and disadvantages，differences and the application scope of vegetation ecological water requirement for all kinds of calculation methods. Also the research progress and development trend of vegetation ecological water requirement at home and abroad were analyzed. By summarizing and analyzing the past studies of vegetation ecological water requirement，the foreign research on vegetation ecological water requirement focused on soil，the eco-hydrological process between atmosphere and vegetation，maintain the natural ecosystem balance，while domestic research was more concentrated on the prominent contradiction between supply and demand of water resources，and relatively fragile ecological environment in the severe drought seasonal arid，semi-arid and semi-humid. However，due to starting late，the research in this aspect was not very mature，at the same time，there was not a specific standard and complete theoretical system in the calculation of vegetation ecological water requirement.