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PBL综合教学法在呼吸重症监护室护理临床实习中的实践与探讨

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  [摘要] 目的 探讨PBL综合教学法与多种教学手段相结合在呼吸重症监护室(RICU)护理临床实习中的实践与探讨应用效果。 方法 纳入2013年9月~2016年3月在新疆医科大学附属中医医院RICU实习的护生87名,采用信封法分为试验组和对照组,对照组43名采取原有的传统带教模式,试验组44名采取PBL教学方法,实习结束后对学生进行理论和操作出科考试、教师对护生进行教评,并通过问卷调查实习生实习前、后对重症监护室的认识、兴趣度、及学习效果作对比。结果 试验组出科考试、护生的教评成绩均高于对照组(P < 0.05),问卷调查中学生反映实习后对重症监护室的认识、兴趣度、及学习收获等方面均优于实习前。 结论 PBL综合教学法可减轻学生在RICU实习的压力,让学生能够充分接触患者,增加动手机会,丰富实习内容,提高学习积极性,充分提升学生学习兴趣。
  [关键词] PBL教学法;呼吸重症监护室;护理;教学方法;临床实习
  [中图分类号] G642 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)07(a)-0137-04
  [Abstract] Objective To explore the application effect of PBL teaching method combined with a variety of teaching methods in the clinical internship of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU) nursing. Methods 87 nursing students were eolled in the RICU of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University from September 2013 to March 2016. They were divided into experimental group (44 cases) and control group (43 cases) by envelope method. The control group was received the traditional teaching mode, the experimental group was received PBL teaching methods. After the internship, the students were evaluated by theory and practice test and rated by teachers. Then the awareness, interest and learning achievement of ICU before and after the intensive were analyzed by questionnaire survey. Results The scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The students in the questionnaire survey showed that the awareness, interest rate and learning achievement of the intensive care unit were better than those before the practice. Conclusion PBL teaching method can reduce the pressure of students in RICU internship, and ensure that students can fully access to the patients, increase hands-on exercise, increase internship content, improve learning enthusiasm, and fully enhance students" interest in learning.
  [Key words] PBL teaching method; Respiratory Intensive Care Unit; Nursing; Teaching method; Clinical internship
  臨床实习是护生从理论过渡到实践的关键环节,其效果直接决定护生能否有效胜任护理工作岗位。国外护理教育强调将理论结合实践,培养学生发现、分析和解决问题的整体护理理念[1]。研究发现在护理本科生中开展危重症护理培训能增加学生评估和处理危重症病人的技能[2]。现阶段大多数院校教学实践中,将危重症相关内容放置在学生急救护理学中进行教学,但课程偏重理论知识,而临床实际应用的监护技术时间学时少,动手机会少,不利于知识和技能的掌握[3]。呼吸重症监护室(RICU)是危重症学科的重要组成部分,主要收治呼吸科重症患者,病情危重且病种单一;在RICU护生实习压力大,动手机会相对较少,缺乏学习积极性;因此改进教学方法,提升护生学习兴趣势在必行。PBL教学法是以问题为导向,以学生为中心的教学模式,是被教育界认可的一种有力促进学生评判性思维能力,且更具综合性、系统性和灵活性的教学方法。在呼吸重症学科护理教学实习过程中,理论方面运用PBL教学法;操作方面运用通过在老师的指导和监督下亲身进行病人护理的全过程及实体技能操作,营造模拟抢救现场,组织实施模拟人抢救等教学手段,使护生更好地掌握危重患者的抢救步骤、要点及具体操作技能的教学方式。通过应用PBL综合教学法,对临床实习教学模式进行改革和探索。

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