广西农村学校饮用水与环境卫生设施现状调查

　　【摘要】 目的 了解广西农村学校饮用水与环境卫生设施现状,为制定改善农村学校卫生设施办法提供科学依据。方法 根据调查内容统一制订调查方案,采用分层抽样方法,在广西境内抽取不同区域、不同经济发展水平6个县的农村学校进行饮用水与环境卫生现状调查,并对60所学校管理者进行饮用水与环境卫生设施需求访谈。应用Access数据库进行数据管理,用SPSS13.0 软件包进行统计分析。结果 6县共有农村学校1561所,其中有供水设施的学校占62.40%,学校集中式供水覆盖率为35.88%,卫生厕所普及率为38.37%,只有30.88%的学校有洗手设施,49.07%的学校有垃圾收集设施,91.35%的学校有污水排放设施。访谈结果显示,所有受访者均认为学校对供水与卫生厕所建设有需求;有超过50%的受访者认为需要健康教育课师资,以加强学生健康素质的培养;有50%以上的受访者对饮用水水源防护、消毒以及粪便无害化处理等知识认识不足或缺乏。结论 需完善农村学校供水、卫生厕所、洗手和垃圾处理设施,加强学校管理者的饮用水、环境卫生和卫生促进等培训。
　　【关键词】 饮水;环境卫生;卫生设施;农村卫生;学生保健服务
　　【中图分类号】 R 123.5 R 12 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1000-9817(2010)06-0711-02
　　
　　Currant Situation of Drinking Water and Sanitation Facility in Guangxi Rural School/ZHONG Ge-mei,TANG Zhen-zhu,LIU Zhan-hua,et al. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center For Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning(530028), China
　　【Abstract】 Objective To know the current situation of drinking water and sanitation facility in Guangxi rural schools, and to provide the scientific evidence for rural school water and sanitation improvement. Methods The stratified sampling method was used to selected 1 561 schools from 6 counties in different regions and economic levels. The current situation on rural school drinking water and sanitation facility were investigated. The managers from 60 rural schools were interviewed to know the needs on rural water and sanitation. Results There were 1 561 rural schools in those 6 counties. Thereinto, 62.40% of them had drinking water supply facility. The coverage of centralized water supply was 35.88%, and the coverage of sanitary latrine was 38.37%. The holding rate of hand washing facility was only 30.88%.About 49.07% of them had garbage collection facility and 91.35% of them had sewage cloaca system. The results from interview showed that all the interviewees thought it was necessary for rural school to construct drinking water and sanitation facility, more than half of them thought they needed the health education teachers, and at same time, more than half of them were lack of knowledge on water source protection, disinfection and harmless and sanitary excreta treatment. Conclusion It is necessary to improve rural school water supply, sanitary latrine, hand washing and garbage treatment facilities. At same time, it should be strengthened to conduct drinking water, sanitation and hygiene promotion training for the school managers.
　　【Key words】 Drinking;Enviromental health;Health facilities;Rural health;Student health services
　　
　　广西属于经济欠发达地区,农村学校饮用水与厕所卫生设施等方面尚存在诸多问题[1-3]。为了解该地区农村学校饮用水与环境卫生设施现状以及学生与其相关的卫生需求,研究农村学校卫生设施建设与管理中存在的问题,为有关部门制定农村学校安全饮用水设施建设规划和完善农村学校卫生设施的办法提供科学依据,笔者于2008年3-6月在广西部分县(区)(以下简称县)开展农村学校水与环境卫生设施现状调查。
　　
　　1 对象与方法
　　
　　1.1 对象 于2008年3-6月以广西不同区域(东西南北中)、不同经济发展水平(富裕、较宽裕和贫困)的6个县所有农村初中、小学为本次调查对象。涉及68个乡镇的813个行政村共1561所农村学校。在调查的1561所学校中,初中学校135所,占8.65%(其中含2所初中、小学九年制学校);中心小学87所,占5.57%;村小学1339所,占85.78%。共有师生人数332140人,其中学生数309376人,教职工22764人。
　　1.2 方法 根据调查内容统一制订实施方案和调查表,在教育部门的配合下,由经过统一技术培训的自治区及调查县疾病预防控制中心技术人员组成调查组,对县城以下农村学校进行调查。采取分层抽样方式,在每个县抽取10所农村学校,共对38所初中、22所小学管理者进行水与环境卫生设施需求等相关内容访谈。现场调查内容为农村学校水与环境卫生设施,如农村学校的集中式供水覆盖率、卫生厕所普及率、洗手设施、垃圾和污水处理设施等。