深圳市罗湖区小学生龋病调查及流行特征分析

　　[摘要] 目的 調查分析深圳市罗湖区小学生龋病流行状况，为儿童龋病预防提供依据。 方法 对深圳市罗湖区21个小学进行整群抽样，随机抽取5个小学，对7772例小学生进行龋病检查，通过深圳市学生口腔防治管理系统收集数据，进行统计描述及分析。 结果 小学生乳牙患龋率44.9%，恒牙患龋率14.2%，乳牙龋均（1.45±0.41），恒牙龋均（0.24±0.07），乳牙填充率12.0%，恒牙填充率 24.8%。女生恒牙患龋率（16.5%）高于男生（11.9%）（χ2=33.051，P<0.01）；女生恒牙龋均（0.30±0.08）高于男生（0.19±0.05）（t=-74.069，P<0.01）；女生乳牙龋均（1.59±0.48）也高于男生（1.48±0.42），差异均具有统计学意义（t=-10.764，P<0.01）。7～12岁儿童随年龄增长，乳牙患龋率先增长后下降，乳牙龋均呈下降趋势，恒牙患龋率、恒牙龋均呈上升趋势。12岁儿童患龋率27.0%，龋均（0.53±0.17），恒牙填充率为29.7%。 结论 深圳罗湖区小学生口腔卫生状况较好，龋病流行处于较低水平，龋病治疗状况较好，但各小学学生间差异较大，需要重点加强口腔健康教育及干预措施。
　　[关键词] 小学生；龋病；患龋率；龋均
　　[中图分类号] R78 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701（2018）31-0123-03
　　Investigation and analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of dental caries in primary school students in Luohu district， Shenzhen
　　LI Wangtao1 LUO Hongcheng2
　　1.Department of Physical Examination， Luohu District People’s Hospital in Shenzhen， Shenzhen 518000， China； 2.Luohu District Disease Prevention and Control Center in Shenzhen， Shenzhen 518000， China
　　[Abstract] Objective To investigate and analyze the prevalence of dental caries among primary school students in Luohu District， Shenzhen， and to provide evidence for the prevention of dental caries in children. Methods A total of 21 primary schools in Luohu District， Shenzhen were sampled in cluster and 5 primary schools were randomly selected. The check on dental caries was carried out on 7772 primary school students. Data were collected through the Shenzhen Student Dental Prevention and Treatment Management System for statistical description and analysis. Results Among primary school students， the prevalence of deciduous teeth caries was 44.9%， the prevalence of permanent teeth caries was 14.2%， the caries index of deciduous teeth was（1.45±0.41）， and the caries index of permanent teeth was（0.24±0.07）. The filling rate of deciduous teeth was 12.0%， and the filling rate of permanent teeth was 24.8%. The prevalence of permanent teeth caries （16.5%） in female students was higher than that in male students（11.9%） （χ2=33.051， P<0.01）； the caries index of permanent teeth（0.30±0.08） in female students was higher than that in male students（0.19±0.05） （t=-74.069， P<0.01）； the caries index of deciduous teeth in female students was（1.59±0.48）， which was also higher than that in male students（1.48±0.42） （t=-10.764， P<0.01）. The differences were statistically significant. The prevalence of deciduous teeth caries in the children aged 7-12 increased first and then declined along with the increase of age， but the caries index of deciduous teeth was showing a decreasing trend. The prevalence of permanent teeth caries and caries index of permanent teeth were showing an increasing trend. The prevalence of dental caries in the children aged 12 years was 27.0%， the caries index was（0.53±0.17）， and the filling rate of permanent teeth was 29.7%. Conclusion The oral hygiene condition in primary school students in Luohu District of Shenzhen is favorable， and the prevalence of dental caries is at a low level. The treatment of dental caries is good. However， there is a big difference in students from different primary schools， and it is necessary to focus on strengthening oral health education and intervention measures.